USPP11656P - Japanese pear tree named `Osa Gold` - Google Patents
Japanese pear tree named `Osa Gold` Download PDFInfo
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- USPP11656P USPP11656P US09/114,484 US11448498V US11656P US PP11656 P USPP11656 P US PP11656P US 11448498 V US11448498 V US 11448498V US 11656 P US11656 P US 11656P
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- osa
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- 235000001630 Pyrus pyrifolia var culta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 240000002609 Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Species 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 39
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 24
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 abstract description 20
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000079529 Pyrus serotina Species 0.000 description 26
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930184676 AK-toxin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000404144 Pieris melete Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000028245 fruit abscission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical group Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223602 Alternaria alternata Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000962469 Homo sapiens Transcription factor MafF Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000001140 Mimosa pudica Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000167946 Onion yellow dwarf virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001115351 Physalospora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000201976 Polycarpon Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000088401 Pyrus pyrifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011400 Pyrus pyrifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100039187 Transcription factor MafF Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019606 astringent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LMGJXMFXAVSBGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis-(ent-9-epi-7,15-isopimaradien-18-yl)malonate Natural products CC1(CCC2C(=CCC3C(C)(COC(=O)CC(=O)OCC4(C)CCCC5(C)C6CCC(C)(CC6=CCC45)C=C)CCCC23C)C1)C=C LMGJXMFXAVSBGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/74—Rosaceae, e.g. strawberry, apple, almonds, pear, rose, blackberries or raspberries
- A01H6/7481—Pyrus, i.e. pears
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of a Japanese pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia), and, particularly, to a tree bearing fruits with a yellowish-green skin, having charateristics substantially the same as those of ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ (unpatented in the United States) but having a significantly strong resistance to black spot disease.
- ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ which was discovered as a self-compatible spontaneous bud sport of the Japanese pear ⁇ Nijisseiki ⁇ and was released in 1979, has substantially the same characteristics as those of ⁇ Nijisseiki ⁇ except that ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ is self-compatible. It has, however, a shortcoming in that ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ has a high susceptibility to black spot disease, as does ⁇ Nijisseiki ⁇ . Black spot disease is one of the most important diseases of susceptible varieties, such as ⁇ Nijisseiki ⁇ and ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ , and a great deal of labor is required to control it. A new cultivar of the pear fruit tree having a strong resistance to black spot disease, while also having the excellent characteristics of ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ has been required for a long time.
- the object of the present invention is to obtain a resistant mutant cultivar of the pear fruit tree, having a strong resistance to black spot disease while also having the excellent characteristics of ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ , using irradiation of ⁇ -rays.
- the new cultivar of a Japanese pear tree was derived from ⁇ Osanijisseki ⁇ by mutation breeding.
- the characteristics of the new cultivar of the Japanese pear tree ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ are substantially the same as those of ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ , except that the present ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ has an obviously stronger resistance to black spot disease than that of the original cultivar and the new cultivar can be cultivated under the same control as ⁇ Kosui ⁇ (unpatented in the United States) or ⁇ Hosui ⁇ (unpatented in the United States) which are resistant to black spot disease.
- the new cultivar is regular bearing and has a strong vigor, light greenish brown shoots, few axillary flower buds, many spurs and a high quality fruit.
- Flowering time is a little earlier than that of ⁇ Kosui ⁇ i.e. from the middle to the end of April in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.
- the flowers have fewer petals than those of ⁇ Kosui ⁇ and the color of anther is deep red and deeper than that of ⁇ Kosui ⁇ .
- the new cultivar is highly self-compatible, as is the original cultivar, and forms many seeds upon self-pollination.
- the tree produces a round-shaped fruit that matures in the middle of September in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.
- the average size will be about 300-350 g like that of the original cultivar.
- the fruit has a yellowish green skin and the extent of occurrence of russet is medium in unbagged fruit.
- the flesh is yellowish white and is more yellowish than that of ⁇ Kosui ⁇ in color, and slightly softer and finer than that of ⁇ Kosui ⁇ .
- the sugar content is about 11-12% and lower than that of ⁇ Kosui ⁇ .
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of a fruit bearing shoot of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of branches of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of adaxial adult leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 4 is a photograph of abaxial adult leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 5 is a photograph of the side of flowers in the bud stage of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 6 is a photograph of flowers of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 7 is a photograph of the side views of the fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 8 is a photograph of views at the stem end of the fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 9 is a photograph of views at the blossom end of the fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph of a longitudinal-sectional view of fruits of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 11 is a photograph of a cross-sectional view of fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 12 is a photograph of the side views of seeds of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree
- FIG. 13 is a photograph of the leaves, of ⁇ Osanijisseki ⁇ (left) and ⁇ Osa Gold ⁇ (right) treated with crude AK toxin (after 48 hours).
- FIG. 14 is a photograph of the leaf disks of the first (the top rank) to the fifth leaves (the bottom rank) of ⁇ Osanijisseki ⁇ , ⁇ Osa Gold ⁇ , ⁇ Gold Nijisseiki ⁇ and, ⁇ Chojuro ⁇ (unpatented in the United States) from the left column to the right column, in pairs of lines, treated with crude AK toxin (after 48 hours).
- FIG. 15 is a photograph of petals of ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ , ⁇ Osa Gold ⁇ , ⁇ Gold Nijisseiki ⁇ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,529) and ⁇ Chojuro ⁇ from the top rank to bottom rank, treated with crude toxin (10 -5 M), (10 -6 M), (10 -7 M) and distilled water (as a control) from the left column to the right column.
- FIG. 16 is a photograph of young fruits after 30 days (the upper row) and 50 days (the lower one) after flowering of ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ (left) and ⁇ Osa Gold ⁇ (right) after 24 hours of inoculation of 5 ⁇ 10 5 per ml spores of 15A Strain.
- FIG. 17 is a photograph of adaxial young leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree.
- FIG. 18 is a photograph of abaxial young leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree.
- Bark The lenticels of the wood are medium, and density thereof is medium (the average number of lenticels is about 115 per 10 cm long branch).
- Thickness.--Stout about 10 mm.
- Length of internode.--Short about 4 cm.
- the leaf margin has a serrulate shape.
- the leaf base is petiolate.
- the leaf tip shape is acuminate and the venation pattern is pinnate.
- Length of petiole.--Short about 2.2 cm.
- Diameter is about 30 mm and the depth is about 5 mm.
- the average weight of the fruit is around 300 g (the average weight was 225 g in 1993, 267 g in 1994, 275 g in 1995, 303 g in 1996, 224 g in 1997, 351 g in 1998 and 290 g in 1999).
- the average transverse diameter of the fruit was 8.5 cm and the average axial diameter was 7.1 cm in 1999.
- Shape --Laterally compressed. More oblate than round, or spheroidal.
- the total sugar content of the fruit juice is about 11.0%, a medium acidity, pH 4.8, and no astringency.
- ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ Upon observation of the extent of onset of black spot disease in field cultivation, ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ was clearly stronger than the original cultivar ⁇ Osanijisseki ⁇ , as ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ exhibited severe symptoms in the current shoots and young fruit with considerable fruit abscission due to black spot disease with non-bag cultivation, while ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ exhibited only slight symptoms and no fruit abscission.
- the disease resistance of ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ was demonstrated to be stronger than that of the original cultivar and, although it was not the complete resistance as ⁇ Chojuro ⁇ , it was a medium level of resistance similar to ⁇ Gold Nijisseiki ⁇ .
- the disease control methods used for the resistant cultivar ⁇ Kosui ⁇ and ⁇ Hosui ⁇ can be adequately applied as control methods.
- the present tree has susceptibility to pear necrotic spot virus, and has minor susceptibility to pear scab, and no susceptibility to pear cancer and physalospora canker.
- the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ is cultivated and kept at the Institute of Radiation Breeding, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, MAFF, Japan.
- the new cultivar ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇
- ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ has a strong resistance to black spot disease, and has substantially the same characteristics as those of the original ⁇ Osanijisseiki ⁇ , except that ⁇ OSA GOLD ⁇ has a stronger resistance to the black spot disease
- the trees of the present cultivar can be labor-savingly and easily cultivated in all the agricultural districts where ⁇ Nijisseiki ⁇ is cultivated.
Abstract
The new and distinct cultivar relates to a Japanese pear tree that has a strong resistance to black spot disease and has substantially the same excellent qualities of `Osanijisseki` as a Japanese pear cultivar. This pear tree is self-compatible and bears a yellowish green fruit, is moderately sweet and acidic, and has a good taste that is suitable for a dessert pear.
Description
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of a Japanese pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia), and, particularly, to a tree bearing fruits with a yellowish-green skin, having charateristics substantially the same as those of `Osanijisseiki` (unpatented in the United States) but having a significantly strong resistance to black spot disease.
`Osanijisseiki`, which was discovered as a self-compatible spontaneous bud sport of the Japanese pear `Nijisseiki` and was released in 1979, has substantially the same characteristics as those of `Nijisseiki` except that `Osanijisseiki` is self-compatible. It has, however, a shortcoming in that `Osanijisseiki` has a high susceptibility to black spot disease, as does `Nijisseiki`. Black spot disease is one of the most important diseases of susceptible varieties, such as `Nijisseiki` and `Osanijisseiki`, and a great deal of labor is required to control it. A new cultivar of the pear fruit tree having a strong resistance to black spot disease, while also having the excellent characteristics of `Osanijisseiki` has been required for a long time.
The object of the present invention is to obtain a resistant mutant cultivar of the pear fruit tree, having a strong resistance to black spot disease while also having the excellent characteristics of `Osanijisseiki`, using irradiation of γ-rays.
The new cultivar of a Japanese pear tree was derived from `Osanijisseki` by mutation breeding.
The Institute of Radiation Breeding, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in cooperation with Tottori Horticultural Experiment Station has carried out collaborative research on radiation breeding for selection of resistant mutants to the black spot disease in the Japanese pear `Osanijisseiki`.
In 1986, young trees of the Japanese pear cultivar `Osanijisseiki`, were planted in the Gamma Field at a position 40-70 meters (10-meter intervals) from the 60 Co source. The selection of resistant mutants to black spot disease had been performed since 1986 using crude AK toxin. In the summer of 1991, a mutated twig of `Osanijisseiki` having resistance to black spot disease was selected on a young tree at 40 meters from the 60 Co source. This mutated twig, having distinctively stronger resistance to the black spot disease than the original cultivar, was grafted on a seedling rootstock outside of the Gamma Field to study its characteristics such as vigor while confirming the disease resistance of the twig using crude toxin of the black spot disease. In spring of 1992, propagated twigs were top-grafted on mature Japanese pear trees of unknown parentage using `Suisei` (unpatented in the United States) as interstocks.
As the trees bore fruits for the first time in 1993, self-compatibility and fruit characteristics were studied. Since then, it has been found that the trees have a significantly strong resistance to black spot disease compared to `Osanijisseiki` while also displaying the excellent characteristics of `Osanijisseiki`.
This new and distinct cultivar of Japanese pear tree was asexually propagated by grafting, at the Institute of Radiation Breeding, NIAR, Ohmiya-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, Japan and the homogeneity and stability thereof were confirmed. The new cultivar was named `OSA GOLD`.
The characteristics of the new cultivar of the Japanese pear tree `OSA GOLD` are substantially the same as those of `Osanijisseiki`, except that the present `OSA GOLD` has an obviously stronger resistance to black spot disease than that of the original cultivar and the new cultivar can be cultivated under the same control as `Kosui` (unpatented in the United States) or `Hosui` (unpatented in the United States) which are resistant to black spot disease.
The new cultivar is regular bearing and has a strong vigor, light greenish brown shoots, few axillary flower buds, many spurs and a high quality fruit.
Flowering time is a little earlier than that of `Kosui` i.e. from the middle to the end of April in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan. The flowers have fewer petals than those of `Kosui` and the color of anther is deep red and deeper than that of `Kosui`.
The new cultivar is highly self-compatible, as is the original cultivar, and forms many seeds upon self-pollination.
The tree produces a round-shaped fruit that matures in the middle of September in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.
Though the fruit has a rather small size at first or second fruiting, (i.e., about 270 g), the average size will be about 300-350 g like that of the original cultivar.
The fruit has a yellowish green skin and the extent of occurrence of russet is medium in unbagged fruit.
The flesh is yellowish white and is more yellowish than that of `Kosui` in color, and slightly softer and finer than that of `Kosui`.
The sugar content is about 11-12% and lower than that of `Kosui`.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a fruit bearing shoot of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of branches of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of adaxial adult leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of abaxial adult leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the side of flowers in the bud stage of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of flowers of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 7 is a photograph of the side views of the fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of views at the stem end of the fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 9 is a photograph of views at the blossom end of the fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 10 is a photograph of a longitudinal-sectional view of fruits of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 11 is a photograph of a cross-sectional view of fruit of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 12 is a photograph of the side views of seeds of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree;
FIG. 13 is a photograph of the leaves, of `Osanijisseki` (left) and `Osa Gold` (right) treated with crude AK toxin (after 48 hours).
FIG. 14 is a photograph of the leaf disks of the first (the top rank) to the fifth leaves (the bottom rank) of `Osanijisseki`, `Osa Gold`, `Gold Nijisseiki` and, `Chojuro` (unpatented in the United States) from the left column to the right column, in pairs of lines, treated with crude AK toxin (after 48 hours).
FIG. 15 is a photograph of petals of `Osanijisseiki`, `Osa Gold`, `Gold Nijisseiki` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,529) and `Chojuro` from the top rank to bottom rank, treated with crude toxin (10-5 M), (10-6 M), (10-7 M) and distilled water (as a control) from the left column to the right column.
FIG. 16 is a photograph of young fruits after 30 days (the upper row) and 50 days (the lower one) after flowering of `Osanijisseiki` (left) and `Osa Gold` (right) after 24 hours of inoculation of 5×105 per ml spores of 15A Strain.
FIG. 17 is a photograph of adaxial young leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree.
FIG. 18 is a photograph of abaxial young leaves of the new cultivar of Japanese pear tree.
The characteristics of the new and distinct cultivar of Japanese pear tree `OSA GOLD` are as follows (In the following description, the color-coding is in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society's R.H.S. Colour Chart):
Tree:
Vigor.--Medium. The amount of growth of a new shoot in 1999 was an average of 110 cm.
Spurs.--Many. The number of spurs in 1999 averaged about 15 spurs per meter length of a branch.
Number of axillary flower bud.--Few.
Time of bud break.--Medium, around April 10th, at Ibaraki prefecture, Japan.
Production.--Medium productivity.
Self-compatibility.--High.
Bark.--The lenticels of the wood are medium, and density thereof is medium (the average number of lenticels is about 115 per 10 cm long branch).
Branches (Shoot):
Length.--Medium.
Thickness.--Stout, about 10 mm.
Length of internode.--Short, about 4 cm.
Color.--R.H.S. Greyed-Purple 187A.
Density of pubescence.--High.
Angle between leaf bud and shoot.--Acute.
Leaves:
Shape.--Ovate. The leaf margin has a serrulate shape. The leaf base is petiolate. The leaf tip shape is acuminate and the venation pattern is pinnate.
Size.--Medium (12.7 cm×7.5 cm).
Color.--Adult leaves (adaxial), R.H.S. Green 131A; adult leaves (abaxial), R.H.S. Green 138B; young leaves (adaxial), R.H.S. Red-Purple 60A; young leaves (abaxial), R.H.S. Red-Purple 60C.
Length of petiole.--Short, about 2.2 cm.
Thickness of petiole.--Medium.
Density of pubescence of young leaves.--High. Pubescence is shed as leaves mature.
Flowers:
Duration of bloom.--Approximately 10 days at Ohmiya-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken.
Flower number in a flower cluster.--Slightly more than medium, 9.1 flowers per cluster on average.
Size.--Medium. Diameter is about 30 mm and the depth is about 5 mm.
Color.--Calyx (R.H.S. Green 140B); buds (R.H.S. Red-Purple 57C) early in the growing season; buds (R.H.S. White 155D) late in the growing season; petals (R.H.S. White 155D) after flowers opened.
Shape of petals.--Round.
Notch at margin of petals.--Medium.
Number of petals.--Slighhtly more than medium, 5.4 per flower on average.
Color of anther.--R.H.S. Red-Purple 64A.
Number of stamens.--Slightly more than medium, 25.5 on average.
Flowering time.--Middle of the season.
Flowering date and full bloom stage.--Around April 20th and April 24th at the Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. Two days earlier than `Suisei` and the same as `Osanijisseiki` and `Nijisseiki`.
Fruit:
Size.--The average weight of the fruit is around 300 g (the average weight was 225 g in 1993, 267 g in 1994, 275 g in 1995, 303 g in 1996, 224 g in 1997, 351 g in 1998 and 290 g in 1999). The average transverse diameter of the fruit was 8.5 cm and the average axial diameter was 7.1 cm in 1999.
Shape.--Laterally compressed. More oblate than round, or spheroidal.
Color of skin.--R.H.S. Yellow 4B.
Occurrence of russet.--Medium.
Calyx perpetual fruit.--Almost all of the fruits are calyx deciduous, but some fruits are calyx perpetual.
Size of dots on fruit skin.--Medium.
Density of dots on fruit skin.--Medium.
Color of flesh.--R.H.S. Yellow-White 158C.
Flesh.--Soft and juicy. The firmness is about 5.5 lbs. according to Magness-Teller's hardness meter index.
Size of calyx opening.--The maximum diameter is about 2.8 cm and the deepest depth is about 0.75 cm.
Length of stem.--Medium.
Thickness of stem.--Stout.
Color of stem.--R.H.S. Yellow-Green 146C.
Color of dots on fruit skin.--R.H.S. Greyed-Yellow 162C.
Color of core.--R.H.S. Yellow-White 158D.
Shape of core.--Short conical.
Size of core.--Medium (the transverse core diameter was about 33.7 mm when the transverse fruit diameter was about 81.0 mm).
Seed cells.--medium. 5.2 cells per fruit on average.
Size of seeds.--Medium.
Shape of seeds.--Oval.
Taste.--Medium sweetness, the total sugar content of the fruit juice is about 11.0%, a medium acidity, pH 4.8, and no astringency.
Bagged.--The bagged fruit has lower occurrence of russet.
Maturity.--Ripening slightly early in the season, e.g., around September 15th at the Ibaraki prefecture, Japan.
Use.--Suitable for dessert.
Keeping quality.--The fruits can keep their quality about 3-4 months at a temperature of 4° C.
Productivity.--4.7 kg/tree, i.e. 290 g (average weight of a fruit)×162 (average numbers of fruits/tree), in 1999. However, the size of a fruit and the yield change greatly depending on degree of training, pruning and fruit thinning, and weather conditions.
Resistance to diseases.--The leaves, petals and young fruit were inoculated indoors with AK-toxin (produced by Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype) or with black spot disease spores (atomizing inoculation with 5×105 spores/ml of strain 15A) for a disease resistane test (see FIGS. 13-16).
Upon examination with AK-toxin treatment, typical symptoms of black spot disease and extensive necrosis were found all over the leaves of the original cultivar `Osanijisseiki`, while necrosis was found only on portions of the leaves of `OSA GOLD` (FIG. 13). With toxin treatment using the leaf disks of the first leaves to the fifth leaves, treatment of the original cultivar `Osanijisseiki` with the toxin resulted in necrosis on the whole of the leaf disks, but `OSA GOLD` showed only slight blackening on the leaf disks from the young leaves (FIG. 14).
Toxin treatment of the petals gave results similar to those for the leaves and leaf disks (FIG. 15).
In the spore inoculation test on the young fruit, widespread symptoms were found in the original cultivar `Osanijisseiki`, while only small blackened areas were found in `OSA GOLD` (FIG. 16).
Upon observation of the extent of onset of black spot disease in field cultivation, `OSA GOLD` was clearly stronger than the original cultivar `Osanijisseki`, as `Osanijisseiki` exhibited severe symptoms in the current shoots and young fruit with considerable fruit abscission due to black spot disease with non-bag cultivation, while `OSA GOLD` exhibited only slight symptoms and no fruit abscission.
Thus, the disease resistance of `OSA GOLD` was demonstrated to be stronger than that of the original cultivar and, although it was not the complete resistance as `Chojuro`, it was a medium level of resistance similar to `Gold Nijisseiki`.
The disease control methods used for the resistant cultivar `Kosui` and `Hosui` can be adequately applied as control methods.
The present tree has susceptibility to pear necrotic spot virus, and has minor susceptibility to pear scab, and no susceptibility to pear cancer and physalospora canker.
Cold resistance: Almost the same as that of other Japanese pears.
Core breakdown: Absent.
Watercore: Slightly apparent.
Fruit cracking: Absent.
The new cultivar of Japanese pear tree `OSA GOLD` is cultivated and kept at the Institute of Radiation Breeding, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, MAFF, Japan.
Since the new cultivar, `OSA GOLD`, has a strong resistance to black spot disease, and has substantially the same characteristics as those of the original `Osanijisseiki`, except that `OSA GOLD` has a stronger resistance to the black spot disease, the trees of the present cultivar can be labor-savingly and easily cultivated in all the agricultural districts where `Nijisseiki` is cultivated.
Claims (1)
1. A new and distinct cultivar of Japanese pear tree, substantially as
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US09/114,484 USPP11656P (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Japanese pear tree named `Osa Gold` |
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US09/114,484 USPP11656P (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Japanese pear tree named `Osa Gold` |
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USPP11656P true USPP11656P (en) | 2000-11-28 |
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---|---|---|---|
US09/114,484 Expired - Lifetime USPP11656P (en) | 1998-07-13 | 1998-07-13 | Japanese pear tree named `Osa Gold` |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | USPP11656P (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP29880P3 (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2018-11-27 | Stark Bro's Nurseries & Orchards Co. | Asian pear tree named ‘Peggy Pear’ |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP8529P (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-01-04 | National Institute Of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry Of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries | Japanese pear tree Gold Nijisseiki |
USPP9835P (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-03-25 | Subarashii Kudamono Co., Inc. | Asian pear tree named `Asio 1` |
-
1998
- 1998-07-13 US US09/114,484 patent/USPP11656P/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP8529P (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-01-04 | National Institute Of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry Of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries | Japanese pear tree Gold Nijisseiki |
USPP9835P (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-03-25 | Subarashii Kudamono Co., Inc. | Asian pear tree named `Asio 1` |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
"`Gold Nijisseiki`, a new Japanese Pear Mutant Cultivar Resistant to Black Spot Disease Induced by Chronic Irradiation of Gamma-Rays", Kotobuki et al, Bulletin of the National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Mar. 1992, pp. 105-120. |
"New Japanese Pear Cultivar `Kotobuki Shinsui`--A Mutant resistant to the Black Spot Disease of Japanese Pear", Masuda et al. Technical News No. 57 Institute of Radiation Breeding, Mar. 1997. |
Gold Nijisseiki , a new Japanese Pear Mutant Cultivar Resistant to Black Spot Disease Induced by Chronic Irradiation of Gamma Rays , Kotobuki et al, Bulletin of the National Institute of Agrobiological Resources , Mar. 1992, pp. 105 120. * |
New Japanese Pear Cultivar Kotobuki Shinsui A Mutant resistant to the Black Spot Disease of Japanese Pear , Masuda et al. Technical News No. 57 Institute of Radiation Breeding, Mar. 1997. * |
UPOV ROM GTITM Computer Database 1999/02 GTI Jouve retrieval Softward, Citation for Osa Gold , Mar. 29, 1999. * |
UPOV-ROM GTITM Computer Database 1999/02 GTI Jouve retrieval Softward, Citation for `Osa Gold`, Mar. 29, 1999. |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USPP29880P3 (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2018-11-27 | Stark Bro's Nurseries & Orchards Co. | Asian pear tree named ‘Peggy Pear’ |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGROBIOLOGICAL RESOURCES MIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOTOBUKI, KAZUO;SANADA, TETSURO;MASUDA, TETSUO;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009333/0282 Effective date: 19980706 |